Boiler construction



Feb. 22, 1944. HAYTER 2,342,272

BOILER CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 21, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet l I 722/672107 Bruce fa er,

Feb. 22, 1944. B- HAYTER 2,342,272

BOILER CONSTRUCTION Filed Jan. 21. 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1/ 1/ 1/ y I II In'verzfar. fiwace fla yz er 3 WW A able floor engaging abutments 3 Patented Feb. 22,

2,342,272 a comm CONSTRUCTION Bruce Hayter, Santa Fe, N. Men,

ammo: to Oil Devices, Santa Fe, N. Mex., a. limited partnership of Illinois Application January 21; 1941, Serial No. 375,286

' 8 Claims. (01. 122-156)" My invention relates to an improvement in furnaces and isherein shown in connection with a hot water boiler.

One purpose is the provision of improved efficiency in 'heat exchange means for such a boiler.

Another purpose is the provision of a boiler which is particularly adapted to pot type burners and in which a circulation of the products of combustion is obtained with maximum and with a maximum heat exchange.

Another purpose is the provision of a boiler which is well adaptable for use with a booster fan associated with a pot type burner.

Another purpose is the provision of a boiler which is adapted for use with a long radiant flame.

Another purpose is the provision of a boiler which is relatively light and can be handled readily by two men without cranes or jacks.

Another purpose is the provision of improved means for leveling the boiler.

Another purpose is the avoidance of any ce= ramic fire box and of any substantial heat loss to the fioor.

Another purpose is the provision of a boiler which may efficiently be shipped in a complete package, thereby reducing shipping and insta1la-= tion charges.

Another purpose is the provision of a boiler in which no heavy motor is used and electrical consumption is low.

Another purpose is the avoidance of'draft losses within the boiler.

Another'purpose is the facilitation of cleaning the heat exchange surfaces.

Another purpose is the provision of improved means for permitting observation of the fire.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of the specification and claims.

I illustrate my invention more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings wherein:

Fig. 1 is a plan view withthe skeleton parts broken away;

Fig. 2 is a vertical 2-2 of Fig. 1; and p Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Like parts are indicated by like symbols throughout the specification and drawings.

Referring to the drawings, I indicates an outer shell, herein shown as open at the bottom and spaced slightly above the supporting surface. It is provided with a plurality of supporting legs or flanges 2, each of which may carry adjustaxial section on the line efliciency place can be adjusted or aligned on any suitable supporting surface. 1 illustrate the shell I as cylindrical and with a dome or upwardly convex head I located adjacent but below the top of the shell. The top may be closed by a cover plate 5. v

6 is an inner cylinder, preferably concentric with the shell I and open at the bottom, as

at I. It is partially closed at the top by a closure 8. -The dome 4 and the closure 8 may be connected by a passage member 9, preferably concentric with the members i and 6. The lower edge of the member 6 may be connected by a wall ill with the outer shell I. The, space defined by the members, i, 6, l, 8, 3 and in constitutes a water space to which water-may be supplied by the intake line H, and from which hot water may pass along the takeoff line i2.

i3 is any suitable temperature gauge connected to the Water. space, for example by a line id. Located somewhat below the partition iii is a horizontal partition to, centrally apertured to receive the upper'edge of the housing it. it is an asbestos rope or other suitable packing located in a flange or shelf 58 adjacent the top of the housing to. The housing to has an inwardly extending flange 69, upon which is suspended the burner pot-2t, with top secondary air inlets 2i and a plurality of primary air inlets 22 located at various levels. The pct 20 may be suspended, for example, by means of the short outward flange 23.

24 is any suitable fire ring, centrally apertured as at 25. If desired, a supplemental or upper fire ring 26 may be employed, with a central aperture 2iv surrounded by a flange 28. The

, housing it may be held in position for example whereby the furby a clamp ring 29, and tension members 30 downwardly extendingirom the partition and having at the bottom wing nuts Z-liorany other:

suitable securing or clamping members. 32 is a partition mounted upon an inner flange 33 of the ring 29. It is centrally apertured as at 34, and through the aperture extends a motor shaft 35 of the motor 36, upon the upper or inner end of which is mounted any suitable booster fan 31. If desired, an abutment plate 38 may be located above the fanto prevent a direct impingement of air upon the bottom of the pct 20. The motor may be supported in any suitable manner, for example upon the plate 39 mounted by members 40 upon the partition 32. Any suitable connections or circuit not herein shown may be employed for connecting the fan with any suitable source or electric power.

is any suitable fuel inlet line extending to the bottom of the pct from any suitable source of liquid fuel not herein shown. The

walls or partitions 4 and Ill may be connected by a plurality of fiues 42 which extend from'the space below the partition III to the space above the partition 4.- The passage of heated gases outwardly through the passage 9 maybe adjustably limited by the bafiie 43 which has a sleeve 44 screw threaded in relation to a hollow internally screw threaded fitting 45.. The

fitting 45 has a top cap 4' having a central'aperupon the upper wall 8, and an adjustable amount thereof may escape about the baflie 43. Preferably the parts are so adjusted that a substanacross the top thereof to the outlet 48. Itwill thus be evident that the heated gases travel ture 41, which may be closed by mica or the like 50, thus permitting inspection of the burner without permitting passage of the heated gases;

In the normal use of the device, fuel admitted to the bottom of the pct 20 isvaporizedby the heat of combustion. When. the device is burning at full fire, the primary'air is provided by the apertures 22, and the mixture thus. formed rises upwardly until it receives the secondary air through the passage 2| for complete combustion. The flame then rises up into the centerof the space defined by the shell 6. As the member 43 may be adjustably set to allow a relatively small flow of heated gases therethrough to the space above the wall 4, there will be a recirculation of heated gases downwardly along the inner wall of the shell 6, back to the space below the partition l0, and then upwardly through through a path of substantial length, and that they travel prevailingly along vertical heat exchange surfaces;

I preferably maintain a continuous very low pilot, which prevents any danger of ignition failure, explosion, or the like,'and provides an extremely safe unit. While the pilot device does the fiues 42 to the space above the partition. 4, the heated gases finally escaping along any 7 suitable flue outlet 48.

Any suitable pilot or ignition means not herein shown may be employed.

It will be understood that any suitable door 5i may .be employed in the shell I, as shown in means may be employed for varying the fiow of fuel. I illustrate diagrammatically a valve 53.

' It will be realized that any suitable valve, manual or automatic, may be employed for varying the flow of fuel from the pilot stage or full shutoff to the high fire stage.

It will be realized that, whereas I have described and illustrated a practical and'operative device, nevertheless many changes may be made in the size, shape, number and disposition of parts without departing from the spirit of my invention. I therefore wishmy description and drawings to be taken as in a broad sense illustr'ative or diagrammatic, rather than as limiting me to my precise showing.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows:

1 illustrate herein a compact unit, inexpensive not of itself form part of the present invention, I may employ a baille ring of any suitable form, adjacent, slightly above, or slightly below the lowest row of apertures 22, or I may employ a so-called' chimney pilot in connectionwith the .fuel inlet.

Preferably but not necessarily I maintain something more than atmospheric'pressure by employing the motor 36 to rotate the booster fan 31, which .draws air through the aperture 34 and about the plate 38 into the substantially air tight space within the air housing l6. This air is delivered under pressure through the apertures -2l' and 22 tosupport combustion in the pot 20 at low, or pilot stage, and at the upper portion or above the pct 20 at the high stage. The inner face ofthe wall t is located to receive the radiant heat of combustion from the pot and flame rising thereabove, in addition to the heat exchange by the direct passage downwardly of the heated gases along the inner face 3 of the wall 6.

I also provide a plurality of air holes 54 in the supporting plate It, which deliver air to the space to manufacture, which may be shipped in a 55 single package. In setting it up the installation man merely unpacks the furnace and sets it on end, with the members 3 engaging the supporting surface. The members 3 being screw threaded in relation to the flanges or legs 2,

may be readily. set to obtain an accurate ver- I tic'al alignment of the furnace.

when the fuel valve 53 is set for maxim fiow of fuel, the flame will-be located generally below the ring 26. This constitutes an additional supply of secondary air, which increases the capacity of the burner and which may be delivered by natural draft, since it flows from the space between'the drum I and the air housing I6.

The efllciency of the unit is extremely high, sometimes too high for some installations, but this efllciency can be lowered by opening or increasing the bypass controlled by the baflie or closure 43. a

Lighting the burner is easy and may be accomplished by dropping a wooden match or small ball of paper through the top observation hole defined by the fitting and the stem 44 of the baflle 43. The observation hole 41 gives a good view of the operation of the fire at the starting stage or any other time.

While I have illustrated a boiler built as'a water boiler, it will be understood that, with little change, it can be converted for use as a steam boiler. It may also be used with any suitable storage tank as a hot water supply heater, or without a storage tank as an instantaneous water heater.

Since the combustion is silent, the boiler in operation under fire is extremely quiet.

It will be understood, of course, that any suitable insulation may be employed. ,1 illustrate for eiample an insulating jacket 55 applied in any suitable manner to the exterior or the drum l.

Whereas I have described and shown my boiler as shown in Fig. 2. The heated gases impinge as employed in connection with an oil burner, it

tical, it may be employed advantageously with other fuels, for example as a stoker boiler.

the spaces below and above said container, a flue ebfothe disadvantages of the present boiler constructions is that adequate vertical distance from the stoker retort to the crown sheet does not exist, with the result that the flame does not have an opportunity to burn itself out and impinges on the crown sheet, with dlsadvantageous result's.

In 'stoker operation there is a considerable amount of fly ash present. This fly ash collects on the horizontal surfaces, and since it has 'a-considerable insulating effect it quickly cuts down 1 the efliciency of the boiler; As will be apparent from the description and drawings herein, not only are the heatexchangesurfaces'vertical, but

. the fly ash will drop back on the fire bed and be purged out in the ash removal operation. Especially in the central combustion chamber, since the gases rise and then reverse themselves they act in the nature of a fiyash separator. I

1 While the hole 41 makes a' good observation window, its primary purpose is for lighting the outlet in communication with the space above the upper wall, and means for causing the'heated products of combustion to across the surface of said inner container wall and upwardly through said flues, including a top closure for the space defined by said inner wall, said closure having an aperture vertically aligned with said burner, the top of said exterior housing having an inspection orifice in line with said aperture.

3. In a furnace and burner assembly, an exterior housing, a fluid fuel burner located in a lower portion of said housing, a container for the fluid to be heated, located in an upper portion of said housing, said container having an burner when an oil burner is employed, as a match or piece of paper burner pot. I

Another advantage of the boiler is that it is adjustable to any chimney condition within reason that is likely to be encountered in the field. Thus, if the chimney is a poor one and therefore needs a high chimney temperature to pull an adequate draft, the bypass 43 can be opened, letting more heat go up the chimney to make it function properly. As a rule, in the field about (seventy-five percent of the chimneys employed are usually satisfactory, but I find it highly advantageous to provide a furnace which may be adjusted in order to maintain a sufliciently'high stack temperature can be dropped down into the in such poor chimneys as are encountered in the I claim:

1. In a furnace and burner assembly, an exterior housing, a fluid fuel burner located in a lower portion of said housing, a container for fluid to be heated, located in an upper portion of the housing, said container having an inner wall defining a space vertically aligned with said bumer, said container having upper and lower walls extending inwardly from said outer housing, the upper wallat a level below the top of the exterior housing, a wall spaced below said upper wall extending inwardly from an upper portion of said inner wall, said last mentioned wall being connected to the upper wall by a passage member aligned with said burner, a plurality of flues connecting said upper and lower walls and providing communication between the spaces above and below said container, and a flue outlet in communication with the space above said upper wall, said exterior housing having an inspection orifice in line with said passage member.

2. In a furnace and burner assembly, an exterior housing. a fluid fuel burner located in a lower portion of said housing, a container for the fluid to be heated, located in an upper portion of said housing, said container having an inner wall defining a space vertically aligned with said bumer, and upper and lower walls extending inwardly from said outer housing, the lower wall at a level above the top of the burner, the upper wall at a level below the top of the exterior housing, a plurality of generally vertical flues connecting said walls and providing communication between with said burner, and upper munication betwee inner wall defining a space vertically aligned and lower walls extending inwardly fro said outer housing, the lower wall at a level above the top of the burner, the upper wall at a level below the top of the exterior housing, a plurality of generally vertical flues connecting said walls and providing comthe spaces below and above said container, a no outlet in communication with the space above the upper wall, and means for causing "the heated products ofcombustion to travel downwardly across the surface of said inner container wall and upwardly through said flues, including a top closure for the space defined by said inner wall, said closure having an aperture vertically aligned with said burner, the

top of said exterior housing having an inspection orifice in line with said aperture, and means effective to close said aperture or, selectively, to vary its cross sectional area of discharge to the space above said upper wall, including a closure plate, said plate having a hollow stem, the hollow of said stem being aligned between said inspection orifice and the burner.

4. In a furnace, an exterior shell and an interior shell defining a container for the fluid to 'be heated, a bottom member for said container means for .said apertures, and an additional flue vertically aligned with said burner and extending from the space within said interior shell to the space between the top member of the container and the top head of the exterior shell, and a closure therefor, and means for positioning it selectively at a plurality of positions between the closed and thefully open position.

5 In a furnace, an exterior shell and an interior shell defining a container for the fluid to be heated, at bottom member for said container extending between said exterior and interior shells, at a level substantially above the bottom of said exterior shell, a top member for said container, a plurality of generally verticalflue elements extending between said top and bottom members, a top head for said exterior shell located above said top member and defining with it a flue space in communication with said vertical flue elements, and an additional flue vertically aligned with said burner and extending from the space within'said interior shell to the 7 space between the top member of the container and the top head of the exterior shell, and a closure therefor, and means tor positioning it selectively at a plurality of positions between the closed and the fully open position.

6. In a furnace and burner assembly for pot type burners burning liquid fuel, an outer 'cir-' cumferential wall, a top closure therefor, a burn: er pot located in a lower portion of the space enclosed-by said wall,means for delivering fuel thereto, a hot water container located withinsaid outer wall at a level entirely above the top of said burner, said container including an inner wall positioned within the outer wall and deflning a space vertically aligned with the burnerburner, a transverse partition forming the top of the container and defining, with the top 010- sure' of the outer wall, an open flue space above the top of the container, means'for withdrawing flue gases from said flue space, a central flue passage element generally vertically aligned with the burner pot and extending from the top of the space within said container'to said open flue space above the 'containenand a plurality of additional flue passages extending from bottom to top of the container and located between the inner wall of the container and said outer wall, the space within the container being closed at its upper end by a partition wall extending inwardly from the top of the innerwall of the container and spaced downwardly below the container top.

7. In a furnace and burner assembly for pot type burners burning ,liquid fuel, an outer circumferential wall, a top closure therefor, a burnsaid burner, said container including an inner.

wall positioned within the outer wall and deflning a space vertically aligned with the burner pot, a bottom partition extending from .said

outer wall to the lower edge of the inner wall, defining an open space located above the top of the burner, a transverse partition forming the top of the container and defining. with the top closure of. the outer wall, an open flue space above the top of. the container, means for withdrawing flue gases from. said flue space, a central flue '5 passage element generally vertically a i ned with the burner pot and extending from the top of the space within said container, to said open flue vspace above the container, means for selectively closing said flue passage or leaving it open, and 10 a plurality of additional flue passages extending from bottom to top of the container and located between the inner wall of-the container and said outer wall, the space within the container being closed at its upperend'by a partition wall extending inwardly from the top of the inner wall. of the container and spaced downwardly below the container top.

8; In a furnace and. burner assembly for pot type burners burning liquid fuel, an outer circuinferentialwall. a top closure therefor, a burner pot located in a lower-portion of the space enclosed by said wall, means for delivering fuel thereto, a hot water container located within said outer wall at a level entirely above the top of said burner, said container including an inner wall positioned within the outer wall and deflning a space vertically aligned with the burner 2 pot, a bottom partition extending'from said outer wall to the lower edge of the inner waIL-deflning an open space located above the top of the.

i above the container, means for varying the opening of said flue passage through a range from 0 fully closed to wide open, and a plurality of additional flue passages extending from bottom to top of the container and located between the inner wall of the container and said outer wall,

. the space within the container being closed at 'its upper end by a partition wall extending in- .wardly from the top of the inner wall ofthe container and spaced downwardly below the container top. I

a BRUCE HAYTER. 

